Why BMI is not the obesity measurement we need

Clinical obesity is a chronic condition where excess body fat impairs organ function or daily activities. Researchers have identified key diagnostic criteria for this condition, including symptoms such as breathlessness, heart failure, joint pain, and organ dysfunction, with separate measures designed for both adults and children.

A related concept, preclinical obesity, refers to excess body fat without current health issues but with a heightened risk of developing conditions like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. Early interventions targeting these risks can make a significant difference in long-term health outcomes.

This evolving framework for obesity diagnosis and management has been endorsed globally. Its goal? To promote more effective and tailored healthcare strategies that reflect the complexity of obesity as a disease.

Mark A. Anton, MD, FACS, medical director at Slimz Weightloss, highlighted the significance of this approach:

“The exploration of alternative metrics to BMI for assessing obesity is particularly valuable. BMI has limitations, as it doesn’t account for muscle mass, bone density, or distribution of fat. The research suggests a more comprehensive approach, considering factors like metabolic health and body composition, which could lead to more personalized and effective treatment plans for patients.”

For individuals with clinical obesity, the experts recommend treatments that focus on improving overall bodily function rather than exclusively reducing weight. Depending on the individual’s needs, these treatments may involve lifestyle modifications, medications, or even surgery.

For those with preclinical obesity, the emphasis shifts to risk reduction through counseling, regular monitoring, and proactive interventions tailored to their unique risk profiles.

The framework, developed by 56 experts in collaboration with individuals living with obesity, goes beyond medical treatment to address the broader societal impact of the condition. It also highlights the importance of reducing weight stigma, which can have harmful effects on those living with obesity. The Commission has called for improved training for healthcare professionals and policymakers, along with a shift in how obesity is understood and discussed.

Dr. Anton summarized the potential impact of this new approach:

“By adopting a broader set of criteria, healthcare providers can offer more tailored advice and interventions, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the stigma often associated with obesity.”

This evidence-based strategy represents a significant step forward in understanding and managing obesity as both a medical condition and a societal challenge. Collaborative efforts between researchers, healthcare professionals, and community advocates can help foster a more inclusive and effective approach to care, reducing the burden of obesity on individuals and communities alike.